Ngokombono womnotho womhlaba, isimo sokukhiqiza nokucutshungulwa kwemishini emazweni ahlukene sihlukile, kodwa amazwe amaningi asabheka ukukhiqizwa nokucubungula ngomshini njengemboni eyisisekelo yokukhiqiza yezwe.Ngoba imboni eyisisekelo yokukhiqiza yokukhiqiza nokucutshungulwa kwemishini iyinsika yokukhiqizwa kwezimboni kazwelonke, enethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni komnotho kazwelonke kanye nokusungulwa kwemikhiqizo emisha kanye nentuthuko ngezinga elikhulu Ukuze ukusho ukuthi ithemba lentuthuko yemboni yokukhiqiza eyisisekelo. ukukhiqizwa nokucutshungulwa kwemishini kunethemba elilinganiselwe.

Njengamanje, izinga lokukhiqizwa kwemishini yasekhaya kanye nokucutshungulwa lisekude kakhulu nelamazwe asentshonalanga athuthukile.Isikhala sokwenziwa ngcono sisasikhulu, ukunemba kwemishini akwanele, ukusebenza kwempahla akulungile, nesiko lokukhiqiza liphansi, konke okubangela ukukhiqizwa nokucutshungulwa kwemishini yasekhaya.

Yiziphi izizathu zekhono eliphansi, ngakho-ke sinjani isimo samanje eChina?

1. Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1980, ithonywe uguquko nokuvula, iShayina yethule imishini yokukhiqiza ethuthukisiwe kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bamazwe asentshonalanga athuthukile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhiqizwa kwemishini yasekhaya kanye nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula, kanye nokwethula ibhizinisi elihlanganyelwe ukuthuthukisa.Ngaphansi kwethonya elikabili lezinzuzo kanye nokubi, izinga lokukhiqizwa kwemishini yasekhaya kanye nokucubungula liye lathuthukiswa, kodwa ukuthuthukiswa komthamo wemishini bekulokhu kumile.

2. Kunamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo embonini yokukhiqiza nokulungisa imishini.Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amabhizinisi amakhulu okukhiqiza nokucubungula imishini axhaswe ngemali yakwamanye amazwe, awukho ukuncintisana endaweni yesikhulumi.Noma ngabe imishini yokukhiqiza noma ubuchwepheshe kanye nokuphatha, kusobala ukuthi kungcono kunamabhizinisi asekhaya.Ukuncika ngokweqile ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo zokungenisa kwamanye amazwe kuphazamisa kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokukhiqiza nokucubungula imishini.

E-China yokukhiqiza i-2025, umgomo wamasu wezinyathelo ezintathu uyaphakanyiswa.Isinyathelo sokuqala ukungena ezinhlwini zamandla okukhiqiza ngo-2025, isinyathelo sesibili ukufinyelela ezingeni lamandla okukhiqiza emhlabeni ngo-2035, futhi isinyathelo sesithathu ukungena ohlwini lwamandla okukhiqiza ngamandla aphelele ngesikhathi iChina entsha yasungulwa eminyakeni eyikhulu.Ngakho-ke, i-China ibheka ukubaluleka okukhulu embonini yokukhiqiza eyisisekelo yokukhiqiza nokucutshungulwa kwemishini.Kafushane, nakuba kunzima kakhulu ukuhlanganyela ekukhiqizeni nasekucutshungulweni kwemishini, kukhona amabhizinisi okukhiqiza nokucubungula imishini aphelelwe imali futhi avaliwe nsuku zonke, kodwa imboni yokukhiqiza eyisisekelo ngeke ishabalale, kuzoqedwa okuhle nakakhulu kanye nentuthuko enhle. izokwakhiwa.Ngamafuphi, igama elilodwa, alikho ithemba lokukhiqizwa nokucutshungulwa kwemishini, Kodwa ukuhlehla kwemishini akunalo ithemba.

Ngakho-ke, ukuze sibe izwe elinamandla ekukhiqizeni nasekucutshungulweni kwemishini, kufanele sithuthukise indlela yokuphatha ibhizinisi, sibuyekeze futhi sithuthukise imishini yokukhiqiza neyokucubungula, siqeqeshe amathalente okukhiqiza nokucubungula ngomshini, sithuthukise izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisezingeni eliphezulu, futhi sakhe umsindo. uchungechunge lwezimboni lwemboni yokukhiqiza eyisisekelo.